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PostgreSQL 左连接


左连接

关键字 LEFT JOIN 选择 "左侧" 表中的所有记录,以及 "右侧" 表中匹配的记录。如果没有匹配,结果将是右侧表中 0 条记录。

让我们看看使用我们的虚拟 testproducts 表的示例

 testproduct_id |      product_name      | category_id
----------------+------------------------+-------------
              1 | Johns Fruit Cake       |           3
              2 | Marys Healthy Mix      |           9
              3 | Peters Scary Stuff     |          10
              4 | Jims Secret Recipe     |          11
              5 | Elisabeths Best Apples |          12
              6 | Janes Favorite Cheese  |           4
              7 | Billys Home Made Pizza |          13
              8 | Ellas Special Salmon   |           8
              9 | Roberts Rich Spaghetti |           5
            10 | Mias Popular Ice       |          14
(10 行)

我们将尝试将 testproducts 表与 categories 表连接起来

 category_id | category_name  |                       description
-------------+----------------+------------------------------------------------------------
           1 | Beverages      | 软饮料、咖啡、茶、啤酒和麦芽酒
           2 | Condiments     | 甜味和咸味酱汁、调味品、酱料和调味料
           3 | Confections    | 甜点、糖果和甜面包
           4 | Dairy Products | 奶酪
           5 | Grains/Cereals | 面包、饼干、意大利面和谷物
           6 | Meat/Poultry   | 加工肉类
           7 | Produce        | 干果和豆腐
           8 | Seafood        | 海藻和鱼类
(8 行)

注意: testproducts 中的许多产品都有一个 category_id,它与 categories 表中任何类别都不匹配。

通过使用 LEFT JOIN,我们将从 testpoducts 获取所有记录,即使那些在 categories 表中没有匹配的记录。

示例

使用 category_id 列将 testproducts 连接到 categories

SELECT testproduct_id, product_name, category_name
FROM testproducts
LEFT JOIN categories ON testproducts.category_id = categories.category_id;
运行示例 »

结果

所有来自 testproducts 的记录,以及仅来自 categories 的匹配记录

 testproduct_id |      product_name      | category_name
----------------+------------------------+----------------
              1 | Johns Fruit Cake       | Confections
              2 | Marys Healthy Mix      |
              3 | Peters Scary Stuff     |
              4 | Jims Secret Recipe     |
              5 | Elisabeths Best Apples |
              6 | Janes Favorite Cheese  | Dairy Products
              7 | Billys Home Made Pizza |
              8 | Ellas Special Salmon   | Seafood
              9 | Roberts Rich Spaghetti | Grains/Cereals
             10 | Mias Popular Ice       |
(10 行)

注意: LEFT JOIN LEFT OUTER JOIN 将给出相同的结果。

OUTERLEFT JOIN 的默认连接类型,因此当您编写 LEFT JOIN 时,解析器实际上会编写 LEFT OUTER JOIN


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